2009年2月12日木曜日

Creating a ELP/JLP Exchange Class

Tomorrow will be my first attempt at an international exchange class at ICU. My English language program students ("ELP students") will be visited by a group of international students studying Japanese at ICU ("JLP students") and the schedule will roughly be as follows:

10:10 Class starts with an explanation of a ice-breaking activity that will be conducted in Japanese.

10:15 The ice-breaker consists of everyone introducing three things in Japanese about themselves. One thing is false, so the others need to guess. This will be played in groups of roughly 3 or 4 ELP students plus 3 or 4 JLP students, so groups of 6 to 8. That can be quite large... If we allow 3 minutes to write three things, and then each person takes 3 minutes to introduce...it can take 30 minutes just for that. Strict time keeping is needed. Or, smaller groups... Or make sure the JLP students go first and skip the ELP students 3 things intro if time runs out.

10:40 (target time) ELP groups start their presentations in English, with a time limit of 15 minutes, definitely finishing by 11:00?

11:00 JLP students match up with ELP students to ask questions about the presentation and possibly give some suggestions.

11:15 Try to get some feedback on what each student thought about the exchange...or just ask them to take it home and submit it later.

-Things to be careful of:
1) Time management. Make sure things go according to the schedule so that all parts get the planned amount of time. Otherwise, the exchange can feel like a waste for certain group.
2) Equality of opportunity: Make sure everyone knows that there will be an exchange next Friday too with a similar structure.
3) Expectation management: Make sure all sides have realistic expectations about what is going to happen. They need to know this is experimental and that their speaking time for their foreignn language will be cut in half. The goals of the class have to be made clear -- Hopefully they will agree that the goals are worth the time allocation.
4) Fear of frustration/stress -- It is very likely that students will feel stress about their language ability. Hopefully most students will be OK, and students will be able to help each other by good listening, good encouragement etc.

I hope it goes well! I plan to write a report on this blog, so stay tuned.

2009年2月10日火曜日

RW/WW Atwell Chapter 3: Making the Best of Adolescence

I teach college students. Atwell teaches middle school students. However, I feel that a lot of what she says about how to create effective learning for her adolescents learning English literature as a first language can correspond to designing reading and writing learning for college students in Japan studying English as a foreign language.

Summary:
Atwell's main point in this chapter is summed up well in her last sentence, "We make the best of adolescence when we make the classroom the best context we can for the mercurial minds at work and play there" (p.85). Traditional instruction for adolescents tended to focus on keeping the kids busy and regimented with teacher-centered teaching that imposed uniformity and discipline, guarded by arcane rules, tracking of "good" and "bad" students, and systems of punishments. Atwell argues that the key to success in developing the minds of adolescents through reading and writing is to respect and meet their social and intellectual needs through a "workshop" system: Allowing independence and responsibility as a reader and writer to choose books and writing topics. Allowing social interaction and collaboration to discuss ideas and exchange feedback. Allowing students to surprise the teacher with their unique experiences, emotions and insights in poems, stories, and reactions to literature. The poetry written by Atwell's students is ample evidence of the sophistication of unleashed adolescent minds working together in an accomodating literate environment.

思ったこと・勉強になったこと

確かにAtwellのWorkshopはすごいと思います。彼女の本を読んでいると憧れます。アメリカの中学生の感情や反抗や知的好奇心をそのまま受け止め、自由な読み・書きの選択と活動で本物の読者・作者として成長させる彼女の教え方はとても効果的な方法だと思います。Learnerの本当の姿をそのまま「受け止める」ということはどんな教育の中でとても大事だなと思います。

いろいろな面でAtwellから学びたいものがあると思いました:

英語の読む・書くを大学生に教えている自分としてはまだまだ本人の目標や好みの尊重も足りないと思うし、読む・書くに関する自分の愛情も伝え切れていない気がするし、様々な見本も十分に見せていない気がする。どうしても決められた内容をカバーするのに急がしく、感動や発見を第一にする授業になっていないと思う。今のELPの授業は
一部の生徒の興味やニーズしか満たさず、他の生徒の興味は無視している部分もあると思う。

自分の教えたいことだけを学生に押し付けず、本人の興味を尊重してその中でアドバイスし、読者・作者としての見本と熱意を見せ、読む・書くを好きにし、新しい発見を促す授業を今後も出来る範囲で目指したいです。そのためにはどうすればいいか?英語のICUの授業が受けられるように学生を特訓することとどうバランスをとれるのか?少しづつ探っていきたいです。


でも同時に日本の大学(例えばICU)の英語読み書きとAtwellの中学生の読み書きは違うところがいろいろあります。その違いが頭の中をぐるぐる回っているので近い将来にその「違い」を重点的に整理してみたいなと思います。

ワークショップをもしやるとした場合、
ICUの学生 VS. Atwellの生徒
「違いTOP THREE」と「だから何?」


  • 違い① 母国語と外国語: 
    学生だけで本や書く題材を選ぶことなど、主体的に動くだけの英語力があるだろうか?(ICUだと意外にあるかも) 
    あと、外国語を学ぶ場合、表現や語彙が紹介され、「読み書き聞く話す」が組み合わさったある程度決められたプログラムがあるのは安心なのではないだろうか。どこから「自由」なワークショップにできるのか。

  • 違い② 中学生と大学生の学習動機: 
    Atwellの中学生と違い、ICU生はある程度同じような英語学習目標をもって大学に入ってきているので的を絞ったEnglish for Academic Purposesの一斉授業から十分学べるのではないだろうか。もちろんEAPに興味ない大学生もいるが、入学の時点でICUのシステムに入るという選択がされているのでプログラムがあるのはそれほど問題ない?

  • 違い③ 考え中。。。

John Adams Mini-Series - The Unromatic side of the revolution

Borrowed this 3 Dvd series from a colleague and was immediately sucked into the complex and not-so-romantic-after-all reality of the American revolution.

Highlights =

-John Adams played by Paul Giamatti of "Sideways" is superb in conveying the initial reluctance-and then fiery passion- of a colonial barrister to join other Bostonians and members of the Continental Congress in the armed revolt against England.

-Laura Linny as Abigail Adams is also very convincing as the no-nonsense partner of John, keeping him humble and sane as he climbs to top leadership in the US government and eventually the 2nd president.

-The dynamics of the Adams family, with neglected second son Charles dying from alcohol and drugs while first son Quincy rises to success as a diplomat and eventually President. Makes you wonder what you'll be like when you're a busy professional with a large family -- Will you be able to spend enough time with each child and give enough love? How do you avoid being too overbearing while still providing enough guidance?

-Other characters of the revolution Jefferson, Franklin, Hamilton etc. exhibiting the practical difficulties of throwing together a new government on the American continent in an age with very limited travel and communication infrastructure.

-The ideals of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution -- Seemingly too idealistic at the time, but great credit to Jefferson and others for putting ideals into writing and systems. What would we do today if we had a chance to create a government out of the blue with complete freedom to redesign it the way we like?

2009年1月29日木曜日

RW/WW Atwell Chapter 2: Learning how to teach reading

This is Chapter 2 of In the Middle by Nancy Atwell, a book I'm reading together with a group of high school and college English teachers in Japan to discuss how English instruction can be improved. The idea is that Japanese learners of English, as beginners in reading and writing in English, can benefit from many of the methods that Language Arts teachers in English speaking countries use to help young or adolescent learners. The exchanges in the group are a wonderful opportunity for me to re-examine how I teach reading and writing, and I hope to introduce many of the good ideas I am picking up in my classes at ICU.

So...here's my summary and reaction.

Summary: Like with her writing instruction, Nancy Atwell's reading instruction originally consisted of assigning pieces of "great" teacher-selected literature to a passive, usually bored class, who then would read the required pages, do required comprehension tests, and listen at length to teacher lectures about how to interpret the literature. (Sounds like my high school literature classes) However, Atwell realizes that she is not inspiring her students to be geniune readers who love to read and talk about reading. She then switches to a "Reading Workshop" method which respects the rights of readers to select what they will read, to abandon books that don't work for them, and provides classroom time for readers to read and share their thoughts about reading with her and each other through conversations and dialogue journals. The chapter is full of student journal entries emphasizing how much they love reading now that they can select their own literature (usually adolescent novels, but often moving on to 'serious' literature.) and talk about it as they like.

①参考になった点/学んだ点/よかった点/おもしろかった点

p.28 "We select texts and assign them....We give tests to make sure they did the homework...We orchestrate discussions based on the questions in the manual...We talk a lot...But we rarely make time in class for students to read or allow them any say in what they read. And students almost never see their English teachers reading." →We demonstrate that:
"Reading is serious painful business...Students aren't smart or trustworthy enough to choose their own texts...Reading is followed by a test...Reading is a waste of English class time...."

Atwellも思い出話から入っているので、私もそうします。

私の高校(東京のCAJというインターですが)の授業は正に上記のような感じでした。与えられた小説や劇や詩を読み、質問に答え、先生主導の授業でthemesをDiscussionし、テストは主に理解力のチェック。大学の時は中国文学の授業を受けましたが、いつも訳読と教授の理論の話を聞くばかりで「読み」が好きにはなりませんでした。

Atwellと同じように、自分が「読者」になったのは自由に本を選んだ時だけだったと思います。
  • 英語に関して言えばたくさんの本を親が家に置き、TVは禁止。その時に読者としての自分が成長しました。Atwellと同じく「読むしかやる事がない」時間が貴重だったと思います。
  • 日本語に関しては。。。やはり夏休み中などに自分で図書館などで選んだ本が最も印象に残ってます。高校の夏に読んだ遠藤周作の「沈黙」なんかが印象強いです(宣教師の息子ですし)。
  • 中国語:私の唯一の外国語である中国語の「読み」が好きになったのは山東省の大学に勤めていて、やっと勇気を振り絞って初めて本屋にいって自分で本を選んだ時でした。どんな本がいいのか人に聞く勇気もなく、表紙で選んだ警察物のフィクションからハマッていきました。時々ハズレもありました。自分で選ぶのはとても難しかった記憶が鮮明です。
p.30 "A new set of priorities for the secondary English curriculum emerges. Pleasure. Fluency. Involvement. Insight. Appreciation. Initiative"
p.36 "If we want our students to grow to appreciate literature, we need to give them a say in decisions about the literature they will read."

さて、自分の授業の学生たちの「読み」はどうでしょう。Pleasure/Fluency/Involvement/Insight/Appreciation/Initiativeはあるでしょうか?

先学期からComprehension Questionsを出さなくなっただけ、学生のInitiativeとInvolvementは良くなったと思っています。今は"Read, summarize, and write your critical reactions notes to prepare for discussion."と自由な反応にしたので、学生の独自な視点が授業でたくさん出てきます。

でもまだまだ問題はたくさんです。先ず、基本的にICUのELPの学生は自分で読む記事や本を選ぶことができない。もちろん、Essayの資料としてSkimするものは自分でリサーチしますが、本当に熟読するために「これを読む!」という選択は夏の自由リーディング以外ないですね。

p.44 "Clearly there were more audiences for dining room table talk than the teacher." (The importance of student interaction on dialogue journals and in sharing conversations.)

大事です。学生同士の意見交換・コメント交換は私もやったことがあるのですが、とても良いExchangeがたくさん見られました。

p.50 "One of the best things about teaching reading in a workshop, where I immerse myself and my kids in literature we love, is that teaching is lonesome no more." (because all of the workshop members are equally "readers".)

素晴らしいと思います。無理やり教師の勝手な方針で引っ張る教育から主体性を学生に移し、自主的な読者として成長させる。本当に大きな発想の転換ですけど、可能なら根本的に優れた考え方だと思いました。

②疑問・質問/さらなる説明・解説が必要な点

やはり、最大の疑問は学習者が自分で「いい本」を選べるようになるにはどのような能力・サポートが必要なのでしょうか?という点です。いい本も必要ですし、評価方法も必要ですし。。。Atwellを引き続き読みたいと思います。

③やってみたいと思ったこと/応用できそうなこと

せめて数回ぐらいの授業では新聞や雑誌の記事などを学生に自由に持ってきてもらい、紹介して欲しいです。しかし、ICUはカバーしなければいけない難しいRequired Readingが多いのでその余裕なないと思ってしまっている自分がいます。

④その他、何でも読み会のメンバーと共有したいこと


メーリング・リストのみなさんのコメント・アイデアが楽しみです!

2009年1月23日金曜日

10 Wonderful Years


To Megumi,

10 years ago right about now, we were on a plane to Bali, just married--a flight into the unknown, a bungee jump of faith.

10 years later, I am the happiest guy on Earth, supported by the kindest, most giving and most beautiful person I know.

Thank you for 10 wonderful years.
I'm looking forward to another 90 years with you.

Eternal love,

Mark

2009年1月20日火曜日

RW/WW Atwell Chapter 1: Learning how to teach writing

第一章
Learning How to Teach Writing:
Summary: Nancy Atwell tells her story of how she transformed her middle school writing classroom from one centered on making students "do excercises" for a perfect structured curriculum designed by her, the teacher behind the big table, to a workshop where all students and the teacher were authors on an equal basis, choosing topics, working on pieces, and talking about their writing. In this second edition of her book, she mentions how she has changed from the first edition, main in terms of realizing that certain orthodoxies of "freedom" such as "do not write on a student's paper" which she stipulated in her first edition actually can be flexibly changed to help students learn certain models or structures until they are ready to be independent authors. In other words, even in the writing workshop classroom, it is necessary at times to be a teacher with a capital "T."

①Interesting points:
参考になった点/学んだ点/よかった点/おもしろかった点


p.9 quoting Graves "It is entirely possible to read about children, review research and textbooks about writing, 'teach' them and yet still be completely unaware of their processes of learning and writing. "
日本人の学習者が英語で書くことに対してどんな思いを持っているのか本当に自分が分かっているのか考えさせられる。特にネーティブとして、もっと日本人の学習者が率直に感じていることを知りたいと思う。できた文を評価するだけでなく、「書く過程はどうだった?」と聞き、語り合い、その難しさを分かち合うことが大事かと思う。

p.12 "According to Susan, children in the NIE study learned to write by exercising the options available to real-world authors, including daily time for writing, conferences with teachers and peers during drafting, pacing set by the writer, and opportunities to publish what they had written. Most significantly, students decided what they would write."
ICUでは「Deciding what they would write」は「この条件の論文で、この範囲のトピックなら自由」ということになっている。基本的にargumentative essay with sourcesが条件で、長さや期限なども決められてしまう。アメリカの大学では典型的。でも、本当にそのシステムが「英語で書く力」を伸ばすことに最適なのか、学生によっては無意味に「やらされているだけ」でどうでも良くなってしまうことがあるように思う。では、どこまで自由にすべきなのか?評価の基準はどうなるのか?

p.13 "Together, we made an amazing discover: they did have ideas for writing."
今学期から初めて"reading comprehension questions”を出さず、生徒に「自由にリアクション」する読書課題を出した自分の発見に似ている。教師の狭い課題に学生を押し込むことはできるだけ避け、何が出るか分からないことを恐れずに課題をつくりたい。

p.17 "let myself fall in love with everyone one of my students"
すばらしいと思うし、自分のlanguage classesでこれを目指して接しているつもりでいる。でも現実的に今の大学のシステム内でできるのか?個人の自由な意思を尊重し、創造力を発揮できるWritingクラスづくりをしないと絶対にこれは言えないだろうな、と思った。

p.20 "It's a handover...not hands-off...not a handout." "In my classroom I could serve my students as a mentor of writing, a mediator of writing strategies, and a model of a writer at work."
自主的な英語作家を育てるプロセスにおける先生の役割って何だろうと思わされる。「こうやるといいよ」とか「こんな便利は方法があるよ」とか「自分が書く時はこんなふうにやってるよ。」っていう会話を学生とするためには彼らが「こんな文章書きたいんだけど、なんかアイデアありますか?」って聞いてくれないとできないと思う。それを聞いてきてくれるのって、大学院のDissertationとAdviserの会話しか思いつかない。そのような会話を聞くためにはやはり自分なりの目標に向かって自主的な作家活動をさせないといけないし、作家としての自覚とやりがい感がなければいけない。どうやってそれを育むのか?大学で可能なのか?可能な気はするけど、やるには勇気がいると思う。

②わかりにくい点/疑問・質問/さらなる説明・解説が必要な点
みんな自分で題材を選び違うことをやる場合、どうやって学生の成績をつけるか?

③やってみたいこと/応用できそうなこと
学生が自分自身で「やりたい!」と思っている課題に対して、英語を書く先輩として「こうやるといいよ」とか「こんな便利は方法があるよ」とか「自分が書く時はこんなふうにやってるよ。」っていう会話をもっと学生としたい。

④その他、何でも読み会のメンバーと共有したいこと
みなさんのChapter1の内容に別途反応しま~す。

Thanks for reading!

Mark

2009年1月19日月曜日

What's a typical weekend with the kids like recently?

I didn't have too much going on this weekend, so that destined me to hang out and entertain my 5 year old and 1 year old, trying to give Meg a break from the kids as long as possible.

With my 5 year old...
  • Soccer in the park. We got da gear, foldable 6' goals, Michael's present for Christmas.
  • Biking to the jidoukan (kids center) and letting both loose there. Thank God for kids centers. They have very nice ones in most cities in Japan, safe and well-equipped. Michael got to bike on real roads for the first time ever on Saturday. Mostly stable. Only crashed into me once.
  • Making "Pythagora" devices, which are sort of like obstacle courses for marbles. Good test of patience, like dominos arrays, for both son and father "If that @#$% fails one more time, I'm gonna...Oh sorry Michael. Don't talk like that. If you're curious, see the masters do it. We build stuff, but nothing like the experts on the NHK TV show.
  • The board game of LIFE. Loves the money. Never buys insurance.
  • Battleship. The old navy guessing game. Cheats consistently.
  • Transformers card game. One of the best games for a 5 year old I've ever seen. Great for learning math because we can do "two card attack" where we each play two cards and add them up to see who has more.
  • Building Pokemon castles with Legos house set, a gift we got from a friend who works for Lego Japan. The standard array is boring. Michael does wonders with rearranging his multiple sets of legos and then putting his Pokemon collection figures all over them to create stories.
  • Sumo on the futons. Soccer on the futons. Rolling people into sushi with the futons.
  • Reading Curious George and other books for bed time. He gets a sticker for each book he reads successfully to me. 10 stickers gets him a Pokemon plastic figure.
With my 1 year 8 month old...
  • Sit in a sandbox and watch her put sand on her head and usually mine too.
  • Swings, slides, other playground staples
  • Crying because her dad and brother are playing soccer and ignoring her
  • Dancing to music or DVDs. The kids center has a great dancing time for pre-school kids and she absolutely loves it.
  • Attacking her brother's legos creations (well, she thinks she's helping)
  • Playing tea party with Dad (she doesn't really get into this yet)
  • Watching Shimajiro videos
  • Crying again because her dad and brother are playing soccer and ignoring her
Something like that, all weekend long.